I think the design of the Senate was not much to filter but to moderate and review decisions of the house and approve or not approve. The Senate came about to protect the rights of individual states and safeguard opinion to the government, which grants power to the national government. It was a wise idea in that it would keep the passion of voters and representatives in check. The Senate would ensure that the government would not overstep its boundaries, and the Senate would ensure citizen representation in the house and that their interests are protected. The Senate was framed to be an independent body responsible for sharing power between the president and the House of Representatives.
For the framers to balance power between the smaller and larger states, they stated that states would be equally represented in the Senate. A six-year term was put on the term limit for senators to maintain stability. The mandate of the Senate was also to appoint the judges and ambassadors.
Lumen Learning. (n.d.). The legislative process | American government. Lumen Learning – Simple Book Production. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/os-government2e/chapter/the-legislative-process/