The human genome project is a research project which had a purpose of being able to map and understand all the genes of human beings and organisms (National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health 2014a) and to determine the DNA sequence of the complete genome (National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health 2014b). The Human genome project enabled researchers to obtain the instructions they needed to gain an understanding of how to build an individual (Genetics Home Reference 2014a). The Human Genome Project made several claims which included to complete sequencing and mapping the genomes of organisms and the ethical, legal and social consideration related to it. (U.S. DOE Human Genomeshow more content
To sequence DNA it needs to be amplified first and this can be done in two ways; The Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) and Cloning. Cloning isolates the DNA fragments from restriction enzymes and then combines the fragments with the vector. Once united with the vector the DNA fragments are then able to replicate to provide an unlimited amount of DNA for the experiment. PCR allows DNA to be multiplied millions of times in a couple of hours, PCR is used because its highly specific, easily automated and can amplify very small samples of DNA. The technique of PCR has had a huge effect on genetic disease diagnosis. To sequence the DNA, Gel Electrophoresis is used as it separates DNA fragments according to their size by running an electric current through the gel (Boehm). Mapping and sequencing the genome of organisms has allowed tests to be conducted, for example; gene tests, this is where individual genes or short lengths of DNA or RNA are tested for and Chromosome tests; this is where whole chromosomes or long lengths of DNA are tested for (National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health 2014c).
This claim has been met by the human genome project, this is because by mapping and sequencing the genomes of standard organisms genetic testing and genetic screening can be conducted. For example, new
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